Medium: Black and red chalk, pen and black and gray ink, brush and brown wash, watercolor, and gouache, heightened with white gouache; framing lines in red chalk and graphite (right edge).
Flemish oil on panel painting of Christ on the Cross, made in Flanders about 1575-1605. The panel measures 40.1 x 32.3 cm.
This painting was once part of the Saint Anne Altarpiece, a series of 10 panels set within an architectural frame that hung behind a church’s altar. Gerard David and his workshop produced this large-scale project for export to Spain.
Paintings of the crucifixion in this style are often created as private devotional art for viewing and meditation on Christ's passion.
Sir Anthony van Dyck was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Southern Netherlands and Italy.
Sir Anthony van Dyck was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Southern Netherlands and Italy.
This profile image of a bishop, carved in the dark limestone characteristic of the South Lowlands, is a fragment of a larger funerary relief. Although isolated from its original context, the sculpture still conveys the solemnity of the memorial monument. The image was carved at about the time when the...
Medieval reliquaries often took the form of the body parts they were created to contain. Bust reliquaries for the skulls of saints were placed on or near altars and, by the late Middle Ages, were assembled in large numbers in some church sanctuaries, from Cologne in the north to Ubeda...
Piety in the late Middle Ages encouraged the believer's intense emotional empathy in the suffering of Christ. Here, stone is transformed into flesh by the actual wood thorns piercing the forehead. The capacity for sculptural naturalism developed in Burgundy by Claus Sluter (ca. 1360–before 1406) and Niclaus...
Miniature cradles for the Christ Child were popular devotional objects in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and were venerated, especially in convents, where they were often presented to women taking their vows. This splendid cradle comes from the Grand Béguinage of Louvain, Belgium, established for lay women in the twelfth...
This small tapestry depicts the infant Jesus pressing grapes into a chalice. The imagery was widely understood at the time of its creation to reference the physical sacrifice Jesus would later make in his crucifixion. In the Christian ritual of the Eucharist, followers drink holy wine to remember Jesus’s...
This painting is an altarpiece, a devotional image used in a Christian church, and many of the details are religious symbols. The walled garden, for instance, refers to the garden in the Bible’s Song of Songs and is associated with the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. The...
Triptychs (hinged three-paneled works) such as this were often placed on or behind the altars of medieval churches and private chapels. The central panel of this triptych shows people mourning the death of Jesus. The city in the background is Bruges, where the artist worked. Saint John the Baptist...
Looser and less formal than the portraits that made him famous, this work was completed shortly before Van Dyck began a six-year stint in Italy. It follows the biblical description of Jesus Christ’s betrayal in the Garden of Gethsemane. Judas, one of Jesus’ disciples, brings a band of...
Christ asks the Samaritan woman to give him water to drink. She is taken aback because Jews did not associate with Samaritans. He speaks to her of the water of life that cures all thirst and reveals himself as the Messiah. The maker of this metalcut used punches, gouges, and...
The grief-stricken faces of the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist once faced another panel referencing the Crucifixion. Their expressive features and weighty three dimensionality make their sorrow over Jesus’s death palpably human, while the golden space that they inhabit reinforces their sanctified status. Netherlandish devotional scenes sought...
This painting depicts King Louis IX of France receiving his final communion inside a modest tent, surrounded by mourning attendants. Scheffer’s work is known for its emotional intensity and focus on spiritual themes, and this composition emphasizes the piety and humility of Saint Louis during his final moments. Ary...
This painting by Gerard de Lairesse depicts Saint Anthony the Hermit in an allegorical manner, illustrating his role as a caretaker for those afflicted with leprosy and those considered mentally simple in society. In religious and cultural tradition, Saint Anthony was known as a patron saint for people suffering from...
This small panel was once part of an altarpiece depicting the life of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus Christ, along with a Nativity scene now in the Rijksmuseum and a depiction of the Annunciation, now in the Glasgow Art Gallery. Forty days after the birth of a male child,...
Rogier van der Weyden's Seven Sacraments Altarpiece is a monumental Late Gothic triptych that visually articulates the theological significance of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, with each sacrament depicted within a realistic church interior.
This Late Gothic painting depicts Saint George slaying the dragon, with the princess observing the heroic act and a fortified city in the background.
This Early Netherlandish painting by the Master of Hoogstraeten depicts the biblical narrative of the young Jesus debating theology with learned elders in the temple, showcasing detailed realism typical of the Northern Renaissance.
This oil on panel artwork depicts a domestic scene of a family praying before a meal, showcasing van Mieris' mastery of the fijnschilder style, characterized by meticulous detail and a sparkling play of light. It portrays an intimate everyday moment of Dutch life in the 17th century.
In this depiction of the Annunciation, the angel's Gabriel wings resemble the feathers of a peacock.
