The Flagellation (folio 182 recto), from a Mirror of Holiness (Mir’at al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier (1602–1604) by Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim - Public Domain Catholic Painting

Two Romans flog Jesus, bound to a stake on a hilly horizon. His expression conveys pain and compassion, as he endures cuts and bindings that secure him so tightly to the post that his feet are elevated off the ground.